Bharatbharat.commercios.com
Right to Information

When a government office ignores you, this is what you use.

Every other page on this site tells you which form to file and which office to file it at. This is the page for when you did all that and nothing happened. RTI is not a complaint. It's a law with a deadline and a personal penalty attached — and it is the cheapest leverage a citizen has.

₹10the fee for a central RTI. Free if you're below the poverty line.
30days the officer has to reply. Not a guideline — a statutory limit.
₹250per day of delay, payable by the officer personally, up to ₹25,000.
0reasons you must give. You never have to explain why you want it.
The part nobody believes until they try it: if the officer misses the 30 days, the information becomes free — they lose the right to charge you. And the penalty under Section 20 comes out of the officer's own salary, not the department's budget. That is why an RTI moves a file that six polite letters could not. You are not asking any more.

What RTI actually does

Most people think it's for journalists and activists. It's mostly for people whose ordinary paperwork got stuck.

Get a document

"Give me a copy"

A certified copy of a deed, a khatiyan entry, your own file. If the office is sitting on it, RTI compels them to hand it over or state a legal reason.

Get an answer

"What happened to my application?"

Ask for the current status, the file notings, the name of the officer holding it, and the date it reached them. Asking for the notings is what makes files move — it means someone will read who sat on it.

Get a reason

"Why was I rejected?"

If a scheme, mutation or claim was refused, ask for the reason recorded in the file and the rule it relied on. Very often no reason was ever written down — which is itself the answer.

If you're in Bihar — you can file by phone

Bihar has something no other state does, and almost nobody outside Bihar knows it exists.

Jaankari · जानकारी

File an RTI by calling a number

You call, an operator writes your RTI for you, and it gets filed. Set up in January 2007 specifically to bridge the literacy and digital divide — "information at your doorstep". It has been running ever since and was awarded Best E-Governance Initiative by the Government of India.

155311 — application line (premium rate, BSNL)
155310 — enquiry line (normal tariff)

jaankari.bihar.gov.in →

Why it matters here

You don't need to write, type, or travel

If your land is stuck in a great-grandfather's name, the person who most needs the record is often the person least able to draft a legal application in English on a government website. That's exactly who Jaankari was built for.

The portal also handles 1st Appeal, 2nd Appeal, and application tracking online.

See the Bihar land survey guide →

Central or state? Get this right first

Filing with the wrong government is the most common wasted month.

Your subjectWhich governmentWhere to file
Land records, khatiyan, mutation, survey, police, revenueStateYour state's RTI portal, or post to the PIO of that office. Bihar: Jaankari.
Passport, income tax, railways, central ministries, nationalised banksCentralrtionline.gov.in
Municipal, panchayat, state electricity boardState / local bodyThe body's own PIO.
rtionline.gov.in is for the central government only. Land is a state subject — you cannot file a land RTI there. Fees also vary by state; ₹10 is the central rate, and some states charge differently. And not every state has an online portal — a posted application is always valid.

The templates

Replace the highlighted parts. Keep it boring, factual, and short. An RTI is not a letter of complaint — the more you argue, the easier you are to reject.

1 · Asking for a document

RTI application under Section 6(1)

To,
The Public Information Officer,
name and full address of the office

Subject: Request for information under the Right to Information Act, 2005

Sir/Madam,

I request the following information under Section 6(1) of the Right to Information Act, 2005:

1. A certified copy of describe the document exactly — khatiyan/deed/entry, with khata, khesra, mouza, anchal, district, and year if known.

2. If the said record is not available or not held by your office, please state that fact and inform me which public authority holds it, and transfer this application to that authority under Section 6(3) of the Act.

I am enclosing an application fee of ₹10 by IPO / court fee stamp / DD / cash receipt.

Please provide the information within 30 days as required under Section 7(1).

Yours faithfully,
name
full postal address
phone
Date: date
Place: place

2 · When your application has been ignored

This is the one that works. Asking who is holding your file, since when, and for the notings, changes the incentives — because now a name is attached to the delay.

RTI application — status of a pending application

To,
The Public Information Officer,
office name and address

Subject: Information under the RTI Act, 2005 regarding application dated date

Sir/Madam,

I submitted an application for what — mutation / certified copy / scheme benefit on date, receipt/reference number number. No decision has been communicated to me. Under Section 6(1) of the RTI Act, 2005, please provide:

1. The current status of the said application.
2. The date on which it was received in your office.
3. The name and designation of every officer with whom the file has been pending, and the period it was pending with each.
4. Copies of all file notings and correspondence on the said application.
5. The prescribed time limit within which such applications are to be disposed of, and the reason for the delay in this case.
6. The action proposed to be taken and the date by which it will be completed.

Fee of ₹10 is enclosed by mode.

Yours faithfully,
name, address, phone, date, place

3 · First Appeal — no reply in 30 days

First Appeal under Section 19(1) — no fee

To,
The First Appellate Authority,
same office — the FAA is an officer senior to the PIO

Subject: First Appeal under Section 19(1) of the RTI Act, 2005

Sir/Madam,

I filed an RTI application dated date with the PIO, office (registration/diary number, if any).

Choose one: No reply has been received within the 30 days prescribed under Section 7(1), which is a deemed refusal under Section 7(2). OR The reply received on date is incomplete/misleading for the following reasons: state them plainly, point by point.

I request that the PIO be directed to provide the information sought. As the statutory period has lapsed, the information is to be provided free of cost under Section 7(6).

Yours faithfully,
name, address, phone, date, place

Enclosed: copy of the original RTI application, proof of fee, and any reply received.
No fee is payable for a First Appeal. If someone asks you for one, they're wrong. File it within 30 days of the deadline lapsing or of receiving an unsatisfactory reply. The FAA must decide within 30 days.

The escalation ladder

Each rung is free. Keep every acknowledgement — the next rung depends on proving you did the last one.

StepWhoWhenCost
RTI application · s.6(1)PIO of the officeReply due in 30 days. 48 hours if it concerns life or liberty.₹10 (central). Free for BPL.
First Appeal · s.19(1)First Appellate Authority — senior to the PIO, same officeFile within 30 days. Decided within 30 days.Free
Second Appeal · s.19(3)State Information Commission, or CIC for central bodiesFile within 90 days of the First Appeal decision or its lapse.Free
Penalty · s.20Imposed only by the Information Commission — never the FAAWhere the PIO refused, delayed, misled, or destroyed records without reasonable cause.₹250/day, max ₹25,000 — from the officer's own pocket
Ask for the penalty explicitly in your Second Appeal. The Commission can impose it on the PIO personally under Section 20 — but you should request it and show the dates. This is the provision that gives the whole Act its teeth, and most applicants never invoke it.

How RTIs get rejected

Almost always for form, not substance. Avoid these and most refusals evaporate.

Asking a question instead of asking for a record

RTI gets you information held on record — not opinions, explanations, or answers invented for you. "Why has my mutation not been done?" can be refused. "Copies of all file notings on application no. X dated Y" cannot. Same objective, different reception. Ask for documents, and let the documents answer the question.

Explaining why you want it

Section 6(2): you are not required to give any reason. Don't. Every sentence of background story is a sentence someone can argue with, and a reason you supply is a reason that can be judged inadequate. Keep it to what you want.

Being vague about the record

"All papers about my land" invites "please specify". Give khata, khesra, mouza, anchal, district, year, application numbers, dates — everything you know. Precision is what makes refusal difficult.

Filing with the wrong authority and giving up

If you file with the wrong office, Section 6(3) obliges them to transfer it to the right one within 5 days — not to reject it. Cite 6(3) in the application (the templates above do) and the "not our department" reply stops being an ending.

Missing the appeal deadline

30 days for the First Appeal, 90 for the Second. Diarise them the day you file. An unappealed refusal simply stands, however wrong it was.

Not keeping proof

Keep the postal receipt, the acknowledgement, the diary number, screenshots of online filings. The appeal is built on proving what you sent and when. Send by registered post with acknowledgement due if filing on paper.

What RTI won't do

Being honest about the limits, so you don't waste a month.

It won't decide your dispute

RTI gets you the record. It does not settle who owns the land. If someone else is in possession, you need a lawyer and a court — RTI only arms you with the paperwork.

It won't reach private bodies

Only public authorities, and bodies substantially financed by government. A private bank or company is out of reach — though the regulator is not.

Section 8 exemptions are real

Some information can be legitimately withheld — personal information of third parties, matters under investigation, and others. But it must be reasoned. A refusal that cites no section at all is not a refusal, it's a delay.

One honest warning. RTIs about land can make you visible to people who would rather you weren't. If your land is occupied by someone with local influence, think about sequencing — talk to a lawyer, and consider free legal aid through DLSA first. RTI is powerful, and power gets noticed. This is not a reason not to file. It is a reason not to file carelessly.
Why this page exists. Everything else on this site tells you which door to knock on. This is what you do when nobody opens it. A ₹10 application with a 30-day statutory clock and a personal penalty attached is, rupee for rupee, the most powerful thing an Indian citizen can post.